Desegregation Of Brown V. Board Of Education - 1530 Words

Efforts to desegregate neighborhoods traces back to the 1954 Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education. In recent times, in an attempt reduce both overcrowding and segregation, the NYC Department of Education presented a plan to rezone the Upper West Side. In a similar display of rage as those opposed to Brown v. Board Education demonstrated, parents threatened to take legal action to stop this plan. Parents from the well off neighborhoods were unwilling to give up the schools that they felt entitled to due to their choice of residence, but this came at the cost of the children from the other neighborhoods that are consistently disadvantaged by disparities in the quality of schools. Efforts to rezone neighborhoods to achieve better†¦show more content†¦Segregation in the north occurred in more subtle ways than in the south, and in order to understand why black neighborhoods in these areas are often so segregated and poorer than white neighborhoods despite the absence of Jim Crow, it is useful to look at the history that has deliberately created this. Racial zoning was not uncommon in the early to mid 20th century, and other zoning practices that didn’t use explicitly racist language obscured their racial implications. For example, different areas were designated as residential, industrial, commercial, etc. and depending on what the area was deemed, different developments and services were provided to them. The white family neighborhoods were deemed first residential and the black neighborhoods were deemed industrial zones. Consequently, pollution creating factories and the construction of undesirable places such as taverns and liquor stores were built there and converted black neighborhoods into slums. Additionally, housing discrimination that made it more difficult for blacks to participate in loan insurance programs more or less excluded them from buying homes and many were limited to living in apartments with rent higher than whites w ould have to pay for the same space. As a result, more tenants would occupy the same space to make rent which led to overcrowding and pressure to pay rent made it increasingly difficult for blacks to leaveShow MoreRelatedFinal Paper. Ashton L Young. College Of Charleston . .1223 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This paper is about the ways in which desegregation was used to address equality of education post Brown v. Board of education (1954). I will discuss the challenges of desegregation, what challenges minority students still face in America s public schools post Brown v. Board, and how might we transform education so that all students receive equal opportunity according to Dewey and Paolo. Education Post Brown v. Board Brown versus the Board of Education set the precedent for schooling in AmericaRead MoreBrown Vs. Board Of Public Schools1605 Words   |  7 PagesBrown vs Board Tess Gerczak Baker College Brown vs Board Neither the atom bomb nor the hydrogen bomb will ever be as meaningful to our democracy as the unanimous declaration of the Supreme Court that racial segregation violates the spirit and the letter of our Constitution. â€Å"On May 17 1954 the court unanimously ruled that separate but equal violated the Equal Protection Clause. Even though undefined the brown vs board of education caused the desegregation of public schools. Led toRead More(Final Draft). . Brown V. Board Of Education. . . . . .1660 Words   |  7 Pages(Final Draft) Brown V. Board of Education Cole Sayde American Studies 1 H Conner P.8 Due Date: 3/10 Working Outline Introduction General Comments Explanation of Brown case The Brown v. Board of Education case influenced American segregation, because unlike other instances of desegregation, it overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, ended school segregation, and progressed the civil rights movement. Overturned Plessy V. Ferguson What caused Brown V. Board of Education What is Plessy V. Ferguson HowRead MoreSummary And Decision. In A Unanimous Decision On May 17,996 Words   |  4 PagesSummary and Decision In a unanimous decision on May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled to overturn the previous rulings of cases such as the 1896 ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson which permitted racial segregation with the stipulation of â€Å"separate but equal†. In the case titled â€Å"Brown v Board of Education†, Chief Justice Earl Warren ruled in favor of five plaintiffs seeking protection under the laws of the 14th amendment. Five jurisdictions (Kansas, South Carolina, Delaware, Virginia, and District ofRead MoreSwann v. Charlotte935 Words   |  4 Pages Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education Even after the Supreme Court decision in 1954 in the Brown v. Board of Education case, very little had actually been done to desegregate public schools. Brown v. Board of Education ordered the end to separate but equal and the desegregation of public schools; however, the court provided no direction for the implementation of its decision. Authority was pushed to the Attorney Generals of each state to create and submit plans to proceed withRead MorePlessy vs Ferguson678 Words   |  3 PagesPlessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. the Topeka Board of Education In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson the Supreme Court decided that having †separate but equal† accommodations for Whites and Colored did not violate the 14th Amendment (Wolff, 1997). This allowed states to continue segregation as they saw fit. The Plessy v. Ferguson case was centered on the segregation of railroad cars but the final ruling supported that all â€Å"separate but equal† accommodations were allowed by the constitution and wasRead MoreThe Charlotte Mecklenburg School System1187 Words   |  5 Pagesthat were at least 99% Negro. 2. A desegregation plan was approved by the District Court in 1965, at the commencement of this litigation. In 1968, petitioner Swann moved for further relief based on Green v. County School Board, 391 U.S. 430, which required school boards to come forward with a plan that promises realistically to work now, until it is clear that state-imposed segregation has been completely removed. 3. The District Court ordered the school board in April 1969 to provide a plan forRead MoreThe Struggle for Racial Desegregation1230 Words   |  5 Pages The Brown v. Board ruling declared segregation in schools as unconstitutional and therefore encouraging integration. Many people thought this as a turning point and the start of a social revolution that will change the way white-Americans perceived African- Americans. However, there was a belief that, although positive, the ruling did not do enough to implement the actual change. One can even argue that the ruling increased white opposition, which slowed the progress of Civil Rights. OverallRead MoreThe Court Case that Changed the World: Brown v. Board of Education1078 Words   |  5 PagesBrown v. Board of Education is a story of triumph over a society where separating races simply based on appearances was the law. It is a story of two little girls who has to walk through a railroad switchyard in Topeka, Kansas in 1950 just to attend school. With lunch bags and backpacks in hand, they make their way to the black bus stop which is a distance of the tracks. They have to walk this distance, pass the buses filled with white children because they are unable to attend the nearby whiteRead MoreThe Chicago Public School System1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe Chicago Public School system was slow to integrate even after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling of 1954. It took much protesting, federal involvement and public outrage to finally bring about more racial equality for the students of Chicago. While the Brown v. Board of Education ruling is thought of as being the reason any racial equality was brought to schools after such long hardships for the African American students, Chicago had a difficult time bringing the ruling to fruition and federal

Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1841 Words

The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley tells a strange and tragic tale of a mere human named Victor creating life and the consequences of this act. Throughout the novel, we see Mary Shelley using Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and the monster emphasize a theme of loneliness and the effect it has on a person. It seems that humans have a persistent need for social interaction and acceptance. Mary Shelly shows this to us with the interactions of Victor, Robert and the monster. Throughout the novel, we see how isolation serves as the starting grounds of conflict, particularly in the case of the monster. Frankenstein begins with four letters written by Robert to his sister. This is the first appearance of the theme loneliness, as he is†¦show more content†¦He is on a dangerous trip to the north pole with no one to vent to. He is worried that should his dreams and expedition not work and his only human contact on the ship was his letters to his sister. Robert and his relations with his crewmates are minor and kept to the minimum. His other major human relation was Victor Frankenstein, who he meets later in the novel on his expedition. From his ship Robert has saw Victor on a dog sled passing the ship and Victor approached the ship that Robert was on and asked what direction the ship was heading. He latter boards the ship and Robert learns that Victor was chasing a someone that had passed the ship the previous day. Robert and Victor spends a lot of time on the ship and their relationship grows stronger. Victor Frankenstein can be said to be the protagonist of the novel but he also has a major problem of isolation and loneliness. Victor has a loving family and close companions such as Elizabeth and Henry. Mary Shelley also described the fact that Victor’s family desire to keep in contact with him, dissipate the fact that Victor does not make an attempt to build a positive relationship. One major time that we saw Victor in self-isolation was when he went to university in Ingolstadt. Victor stated â€Å"And the same feelings which made me neglect the scenes around me caused me also to

Capital Punishment Is An Irreversible Process - 1923 Words

Carreon 1 Capital punishment is defined as â€Å"the practice of killing people as punishment for serious crimes† (Meriam-Webster Dictionary). Crimes that carry the death penalty are classified as capital offenses and include murder, terrorism, espionage, and genocide. In order for a person to be sentence to death, first, they have to go through a two-step process in the justice system known as a bifurcated trial. The first step of the trial is proving that the person committed the crime, and the second step is determining if the death penalty will be imposed. Once both requisites have been accomplished by the prosecution team, and the person has been found guilty by the jurors, the convicted person gets sent to prison to await the execution†¦show more content†¦Whichever way a person might look at capital punishment, one thing is certain, the death penalty has been around for centuries, and has evolved from brutal methods, to what might seem like a more humane way of conducting the executions. Back in time, â€Å"the ancient Greeks used poison from hemlock trees to Carreon 2 execute criminals, while the Romans used beheadings, clubbing, strangling, drawing and firing, or feeding to the lions† (Harr, Hess and Orthmann). Currently in the United States, the allowed methods of execution are, lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, and firing squad. From the year 1976 to 2016 the number of inmates that have been executed in the United States is 1,436, and currently in the year 2016, there has been fourteen people put to death (Death Penalty Information Center). The highest number of executions occurred in the year 1999, with an average of 98 inmates that were put to death via lethal injection. The latest case of an execution is the case of a Texas man, Charles Flores was executed in June 2, 2016. Flores was convicted of killing Elizabeth Black back in 1999, and was in prison waiting to be executed for seventeen years (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty). The state of Texas holds the

Business Research Methodology Manufacturing Industry

Questions: 1. Identify and explore YOUR future profession accounting. 2. Produce a critical review of your understanding of what it means to 'become a professional' in YOUR future profession. Answers: Project Context This study work is based on the investigation on the utilization of budgeting as a tool for planning and control in the manufacturing business such as Anambra motor manufacturing organization (ANAMMCO LTD). The purpose of the study would be to recognize the significance of budgeting since an instrument for planning and control to the procedures of the manufacturing industry which the task optimizes as the process objectives. The study research additionally is designed to identify on the procedures adopted in the formulation of the annual budgets of ANAMMCO LTD. Depending on these element the premise for the research are as follows. The managers use budgeting as an instrument for planning along with control in achieving the goals of the organization. Next, in the manufacturing industry decision making is conducted using budgeting. Finally, the utilization of the resources is accomplished with the aid of the budgeting and budgetary control. It was discovered following the investigation that organization uses budgeting in the achievement of their goals and objectives. The main objectives of the firms are inareimization of the profits and the efficiency as well as effectiveness of the organization operations is usually enhanced through the use of the budgeting. Background The business organization usually need to plan to achieve each their goals as well as objectives. Having a thorough preparing in every company cannot be accomplished without requiring appropriate budgeting. The facet of integrating on the resources and tasks for the objective attainment is paramount function of the management of each of the firm and one of the useful equipment intended to attain these planning (Aarabi Hasanian, 2014). The principle essential of planning involves the choice of the organization and the departmental goals along with the determination of the means to attain them. The budgeting relates to making of the plans and monitoring activities to be able to determine on whether or not they adapt to the plans. The idea of budgeting entails dexterity and the control. The manufacturing enterprises they could solely achieve the profit maximization by appropriately planning on the use of the obtainable resources. This might be accomplished when several activities are e ffectively coordinated and the decision taking in the business are result oriented (Adrodegari, Bacchetti, Pinto, Pirola Zanardini, 2015). The method of setting on the objectives and the objectives to be achieved in the foreseeable future time and deciding on the goals to be exercised is thought to be planning. The technique of translating with this planning to be financial target is really what is widely seen as short-term tactical planning. Budgeting is amongst the methods wherein the manufacturing organizations control the costs. Cost control lead to looking at of the resources of a firm in order to attain on the major goals of profitability, consequently it might be regarded to as cost management (Bryman Bell, 2015). To ensure that the expenses to be affordable, it is vital that you compare the costs against the industry benchmark which is an excellent indicator for the competitive standing. The business organization usually strive to achieve good result on their activities a nd make use of the budgets. The budgetary control includes the preparations of the budgets, coordination of the actual performance into the budget and to achieve maximum profitability (Bryman Bell, 2015). The research aims to find out the budgetary process that is used in the achievement of the goals. Moreover, it aims to determine on the controls which are applied in the cost reduction as well as comparison between the planned and the actual performance (Aarabi Hasanian, 2014). The organization which the study has focused is Anambra motor manufacturing company. The management of any specific group possesses the main part of attaining the objective of profit maximization (Collis Hussey, 2013). The objective of profit maximization is normally hindered throughout the period of the economic depression that capabilities on the low capability utilization, the exorbitant interest rate and shortage for the foreign exchange in buying of the raw materials Collis Hussey, 2013). The study is meant to assist in the determination and emphasizing on the issue that mitigate against the use of utilization on the budgeting as a tool for planning and control in manufacturing industry. Research Objectives The budgeting, planning, and the control are the primary components for the successful management in the manufacturing industry. The objectives of the research are; To find the significance of the budgeting as tool for planning and control in the operations of a manufacturing industry that optimizes of the profit. 2. To recognize on the methods which are implemented in the formulation and implementation of the annual budget. 3. To find out whether there is an association in regards to the kind of budget implemented and also their actual performance. 4. To ascertain whether the budgetary control as the management tool might contribute on the enhancement of the managerial efficiency and high productivity. Justification In the world of business, the main objective is maximize on the profit by providing on the good and the services at a fair, competitive as well as affordable price (Stevenson Sum, 2002). The aim of the study is significant because of determining on whether budgeting is a tool for planning and control, ascertain on the role towards ensuring of the profitability and efficient rendering of the goods and services. Definition of Terms A budget is referred to as the manual quantified in regards to monetary terms, which is prepared as well as approved prior to the defined period showing a planned income to be generated (Walther Skousen, 2014). The budget control entails the establishment of the budgets that relates to the responsibilities of the top management to the requirement of the policy and the continuous comparison to the actual budgets results. Preliminary Critical Literature Review All the organization in respective whether economic, political and the social make plans for the future. An organization that does not have a plan is uncoordinated on their objectives and goals (Shobrys White, 2002). The budget could be regarded as the program of predominant to the people in the organization that is stated with regards to the monetary terms and susceptible to the constraints made by the other individuals and environment. Based on Horngren (2000) budgeting places planning to in which is assigned to the fore front of the mind of the managers. It is attention directive since it assist the managers to concentrate on the operating or perhaps the financial issue early on adequate for effective planning (Petit, 2012). The budgetary control elements involves the predetermined plan, in relation to the financial terms to handle on all the stages of the activities of the business in this kind of a means that the expected profit is near as is possible to be realized (Petit, 2 012). The budgeting is important process for the control and the planning. A budget that is well prepared provides the management with a planned program, which is based on the investigation, research and study on the part of the entire organization. Charles describes the budget as the expression of the plan of action and the aid for the coordination and the implementation. The budget could be formulated for the business as a whole. It is a comprehensive and coordinated plan which can be expressed on the financial terms. According to Lucey, a budget has a number of benefits such as the systematic monitoring and the reporting of the activities helps the control of the current operations. The budgetary process is a significant process which is a significant way for the communication and coordination each vertically and horizontally (Kerzner, 2013). Furthermore, the integration of the budget tends to make achievable much better cash and the functioning capital management. According to McLaney and Atrill ( 1999 ) emphasizes that the worth of the budget as a strategy of what exactly is to occur and as the regular against which real efficiency is going to be measured , mostly depends on the precisely how skilfully this perform is negotiated (Lavia Lpez Hiebl, 2014). Rockness (1977), shown that the difficult budgets, existence of a foreseeable incentive structure, and some formal opinions on outcomes resulted to a better performance and a higher amount of the satisfaction of the employees. The budgetary control process could be utilized to create and sustain the competitive edge. The budget usually signify the numbers and benchmark against the performance. The facet of competitive benefit is focused on comprehending on the things you plan to attain to differentiate yourself, gain available share and entrust the competitors in the dust. The planning is usually recognized as the management function. According to Fyol, to manage entails forecast and plan, organizing, and to coordinate as well as control (Onduso, 2013). Managing is an operational process that was initially described by analyzing on the managerial functions (Kerzner, 2013). The operations such as manufacturing, accounting and purchasing could differ from one organization to another but the management functions are all the same. The act of planning could be regarded as futuristic and it is done in order to decide what has to be done and to what end (Wagner, Ullrich Transchel, 2014). When the managers talk about the corporate planning he is referring to the comprehensive business process that could involve many of the activities of planning. The planning and controlling are the fundamental parts of the process of management. The managers device future courses of the actions through planning. The managers need to make the definite steps in order to keep things in the right direction (Griffin, 2013). This is the function of control in order to complement planning by introducing on the corrective actions as plans are being implemented. Fayol in his view highlighted that control describe whether the activities occurs in the conformity with the plans which are adopted and the principles which are established (Aslan, Stevenson Hendry, 2012). The control of the operation are established through standards, and it compares to the actual performance to these standards and the correct deviations from the standards. The preparation of the budget requires the joint effort for all the executives that are involved in setting the goals and devising the policies and activating the procedures necessary to implement the goals. A comprehensive budgetary system constitutes principally on the following; the sales budget, production budget, cash budget, capital expenditure budget, pro-forma statement, and the cash budget (Kerzner, 2013). The sales budget is the starting point for the process of budgeting. It is significant in that it is an estimate of the revenue that would be generated by the company from its operation. The production budget is geared towards the sales budget and the inventory policy. The cash budget represent the cash receipts and the payment and the estimated cash balance for each month of the budget period (Walther Skousen, 2014). You budget could not look like anyone else. The key is finding the best that could work for you. Here are some examples of individuals and couples who have created budget that have work for them. One of the example is for a couple who lived without a credit. Credit could be a normal part of life, but spending more than you could earn contributes to the financial troubles. Steve and Annette Economides have lived without credit since 1982, and they believe their techniques could work for anyone. In interview with US news world report, they explained that the methods they use is that one should shop less often, and shop more frugally. Secondly, is of a young Guys strategy to pay off a debt. Isaac, 24 year old is an IT consultant in DC, lives much comfortably on the moderate salary of sixty thousand dollars annually (Kerzner, 2013). With a budget, he could manage to pay for something toward all his debt, add to the saving and to keep small amount for the occasional cocktail brunch. His goal each month is to pay eight hundred dollars toward the debt, and the others is payment of the bills. Organization of the Project This manufacturing company is a joint venture which exists between the Federal Military Government and the Daimler Benz of the West Germany. The percent of ownership of the two is 60% and 40% respectively. The organization was incorporated as the limited liability company in January 1977 (Shobrys White, 2002). The company commenced on the operation in 1981 and the installation production capacity in one shift was per annum. The company currently is a development for the long pioneering trading for the Mercedes Benz sales and its now brings Mercedes Benz Technology into Nigeria while at the same time creating employment opportunities. The following diagram highlights the Gantt diagram of the project context. Figure 1: Gantt diagram of the project context Conclusion The budget is considered an efficient tool for the management in the co-ordination of the affair of the business. Nonetheless, to make a budget, an organization ought to know in which it is going. The budget is generally ultramodern in nature, it emphasizes exactly what the business wish to attain in the future. Having a process of the budgetary control enables you to compel the management to look towards the future and use all the strategies that may be accustomed to shape the future. The envisioned statistics should be when compared with the actual contributes to the manner that is definitely timely all through the year to be able to make sure that the management understands the deviations are occurring they are having the restorative measures. References Aarabi, M., Hasanian, S. (2014). Capacity planning and control: a review. Int. Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 5(8), 975-984. Adrodegari, F., Bacchetti, A., Pinto, R., Pirola, F., Zanardini, M. (2015). Engineer-to-order (ETO) production planning and control: an empirical framework for machinery-building companies. Production Planning Control, 26(11), 910-932. Aslan, B., Stevenson, M., Hendry, L. C. (2012). Enterprise resource planning systems: An assessment of applicability to make-to-order companies. Computers in Industry, 63(7), 692-705. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Collis, J., Hussey, R. (2013). Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave macmillan. Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Griffin, R. W. (2013). Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Lavia Lpez, O., Hiebl, M. R. (2014). Management accounting in small and medium-sized enterprises: current knowledge and avenues for further research. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 27(1), 81-119. Onduso, E. O. (2013). The effect of budgets on financial performance of manufacturing companies in Nairobi County (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Petit, Y. (2012). Project portfolios in dynamic environments: Organizing for uncertainty. International Journal of Project Management, 30(5), 539-553. Shobrys, D. E., White, D. C. (2002). Planning, scheduling and control systems: why cannot they work together. Computers chemical engineering, 26(2), 149-160. Stevenson, W. J., Sum, C. C. (2002). Operations management (Vol. 8). New York, NY:McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Walther, L. M., Skousen, C. J. (2014). Introduction to Managerial Accounting. Bookboon. Wagner, S. M., Ullrich, K. K., Transchel, S. (2014). The game plan for aligning the organization. Business horizons, 57(2), 189-201.