Mesencephalon (Midbrain) Function and Structures

The mesencephalon or midbrain is the portion of the brainstem that connects the hindbrain and the forebrain. A number of nerve tracts run through the midbrain that connect the cerebrum with the cerebellum and other hindbrain structures. A major function of the midbrain is to aid in movement as well as visual and auditory processing. Damage to certain areas of the mesencephalon have been linked to the development of Parkinsons disease. Function: Functions of the mesencephalon include: Controlling Responses to SightEye MovementPupil DilationRegulate Muscle MovementHearing Location: The mesencephalon is the most rostral portion of the brainstem. It is located between the forebrain and the hindbrain. Structures: A number of structures are located in the mesencephalon including the tectum, tegmentum, cerebral peduncle, substantia nigra, crus cerebri, and cranial nerves (oculomotor and trochlear). The tectum consists of rounded bulges called colliculi that are involved in vision and hearing processes. The cerebral peduncle is a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the forebrain and hindbrain. The  cerebral peduncle includes the tegementum (forms the base of the midbrain) and the crus cerebri (nerve tracts that that connect the cerebrum with the cerebellum). The substantia nigra has nerve connections with the frontal lobes and other areas of the brain involved in motor function. Cells in the substantia nigra also produce dopamine, a chemical messenger that helps to coordinate muscle movement. Disease: Neurodegeneration of nerve cells in the substantia nigra results in a drop off of dopamine production. Significant loss in dopamine levels (60-80%) may result in the development of Parkinsons disease. Parkinsons disease is a nervous system disorder that results in the loss of motor control and coordination. Symptoms include tremors, slowness of movement, muscle stiffness, and trouble with balance. More Mesencephalon Information: Grays Anatomy: Midbrain Divisions of the Brain Forebrain - encompasses the cerebral cortex and brain lobes.Midbrain - connects the forebrain to the hindbrain.Hindbrain - regulates autonomic functions and coordinates movement.

The Problem Of Dealing With Biased Decision Making

Employers regularly use job interviews as an integral part of the organization’s selection and recruitment processes, yet when meeting someone for the first time, our initial judgments are often clouded by biases (Rockawin, 2012). The following essay will explore the problem of dealing with biased decision-making in job interviews which is defined as the cognitive biases which are flaws in judgments that occurs in particular situations as a result of flawed perception of incoming information. (Hua, 2011). The â€Å"employment interview is a social interaction where the interviewer and applicant exchange and process the information gathered from each other† (Macan, 2009) and due to this, biased decision-making is a significant problem because people often make decisions based on information and advice from outside sources (Luan, Sorkin, Itzkowitz, 2004). Poor hiring decisions may occur if decision-makers allow these biases to affect their impartial, professional judgment s that could result in negative implications to the organisation (OPP, n.d.). The essay will propose two recommendations or interventions will be aimed at resolving this problem. The benefits and risks associated with each intervention will also be addressed. When strangers meet they are likely to form a reaction or deduce who they are with very limited information. This same situation can apply to both the interviewer and the interviewee when they meet for the first time in the job interview. Interviewers mayShow MoreRelatedEssay about Meanings of Intelligence and Adaptive Behavior1355 Words   |  6 Pagesknows and where they have deficits. One problem with assessing students with ID is the identification and classification of ID is that they differ greatly between states and is often inconsistent. According to Kortez, students with specific learning disabilities are served under the IDEA, however we use the word â€Å"classification† when referring to the category of and indentified student’s specific disability or disabilities (Kortez). The major problem that arises is the fact that identificationRead MoreMinority Groups And The Minority Group Within Special Education1698 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscriminated and penalized in a variety of ways. Some of the leading causes of disproportionate identification are incorrect evaluations, poor assessment practices, and lack of instruction and assistance for minority students. Developing a solution and making corrections is not an easy task. It is important that educators and policy makers synergize to create solutions to give students with disabilities equitabl e experiences in the classroom to be successful regardless of race, ethnicity, and linguisticRead MoreCritical Analysis : Critical Thinking1245 Words   |  5 Pagessound, applicable or relevant to the situation (Gould, 2011). In fact, critical thinking skills are essential to make better informed and more balanced decisions. Also, it helps an individual in dealing with new risks and challenges more efficiently. According to Dash (2016), â€Å"critical thinking is an umbrella term that covers six key skills: problem-solving, analysis, creative thinking, interpretation, evaluation and reasoning.† In addition, the most of the critical thinking concepts are intuitiveRead MoreArtificial Intelligence : An Intelligent Computer Program1437 Words   |  6 PagesHumans have developed a wonderful fascination with artificial intelligence since it first introduced to the world in the 1950’s. The Merriam-Webster defined Artificial Intelligence as â€Å"a branch of computer scien ce dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers.† Another definition is â€Å"the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior.† Computer science was cool on its own but to incorporate human intelligence into it sounded like a group breaking idea. There wouldRead MoreClient Paper BSHS 3051192 Words   |  5 Pagestheir needs and even know them before going to provide the services to them. This paper aims at looking at the range of problems that affect clients who consume human services, and prevent them from getting the best out of the service providers. In addition, the essay will look at the specific helping or supportive skills that can be used to the clients. The first categories of problems that affect clients of human services are grouped into socio-cultural barriers. There are many factors that affectRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On A Person s Life1628 Words   |  7 Pageseither a negative or positive issue, and therefore changes how they handle it. There are several questions surrounding mental health, such as whether it is caused by chemical imbalances in the brain or horrible situations, if some types are real problems or made up by companies to capitalize on a worried public. Mental illness is a major controversy in the world, if society admits it or not. The public views mental health as an unspeakable issue, calling people who suffer from it crazy or attentionRead MoreEssay on Internal Auditing and What It Entalis1137 Words   |  5 Pagestransactions and the greater size of organisations the old definition and function was not effective and not achieving much of what it was intended for. It can be said they were becoming less effective as their skills were becoming outdated and as problems too became complex with the complexity of the transactions which resulted in the new definition and role of an Internal Auditor. It was then that Internal Auditing developed or became more efficient in being â€Å"the eyes and ears â€Å"of management becauseRead MoreMandatory Minimum Sentences For Nonviolent Drug Related Offences1031 Words   |  5 Pagesare disproportionately arrested, convicted, and sentenced. The mandatory minimum sentencing laws were passed as an effort to combat the war on drugs, with the anticipation that it would lock away high-level drug lords and discourage others from dealing drugs. However, the law requires judges to issue unwarranted, lengthy sentences without regard to the facts of the case. As a result, the law has overpopulated our prisons with nonviolent, low-level drug offenders, while the high-level drug lordsRead MoreEthics And The Separation Of Law And Morals1257 Words   |  6 Pagesaccountable for their actions whether they adhered to the laws of the day or not. Hart first introduces the â€Å"grudge informer† case where a German court, in 1949, made the decision to prosecute a woman for illegally depriving her husband of his liberty, by handing him over, under false pretenses, to the German authorities for making insulting remarks about Hitler. Though her actions were punishable in 1949, they were not in 1944, under the Nazi regime. Her defense was that she acted according to theRead MoreCourtroom Observation Experience Involved Watching Four Trials1685 Words   |  7 Pageswonder about the effect of court system on adolescent offenders their reintegration into society. I also question the effectiveness of the defense that public defenders provide. My last thought involves the possibility that judges may be biased in making their decisions. One of the things that stood out to me in the first trial was the fact that the defendant had already spent 26 days in jail. I also found it interesting that a second prosecutor walked in, bowed, and continued to sit down in the middle

Guns N’ Roses Chinese ­Democracy free essay sample

It took over 14 years for  ­Ã¢â‚¬Å"Chinese Democracy,† the much-anticipated Guns N Roses album, to be publicly  ­released. There were a lot of things for singer Axl Rose to take care of as the sole original member of the band, but he took a mighty long time to make one measly album. Was it worth the wait? Its overdramatic, its overly ambitious, and over one hour long, but excess of this sort is expected from the band that caused riots and controversy while other ?s era â€Å"rock† bands teased their hair and  ­applied their makeup. GNRs first album, â€Å"Appetite for Destruction† is considered one of the greatest of its time. Raw aggression pounds out in every note. Their 1991 releases, â€Å"Use Your Illusion I† and â€Å"II† include several sweet love songs like â€Å"Dont Cry† and â€Å"November Rain† that show musical maturity. Nevertheless, GNR was still the meanest rock band in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Guns N’ Roses: Chinese  ­Democracy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Chinese Democracy,† to put it plainly, sucks. It sounds like Rose couldnt make up his mind about what kind of record he wanted to make, so he threw together a colorful array of genres. â€Å"Shacklers Revenge† is pure heavy metal, a head-bangers anthem. And the next track, â€Å"Better,† is pop, with several corny melodies. When the album takes a sharp turn from pop to Broadway-rock in â€Å"This I Love,† theres only one logical conclusion for listeners: â€Å"I guess Axl really is bipolar.† They say a singer will find only one guitarist he has perfect musical chemistry with in his lifetime. Slash, the original GNR lead guitarist, was Axls musical soul mate. He put as much expression into his licks as Rose did in his trademark vocal flourishes – which, on a side note, are missing from this album. In the old GNR, every solo fit the mood of the song, emotion poured out of every bend and pull-off. Izzy Stradlin, the original rhythm guitar ist, dueled harmoniously with his awesome riffs and progressions. Most of the solos on this new album dont have Slash and Stradlins passion, partly because Rose couldnt even manage to keep a consistent lineup during the recording. Granted, â€Å"Sorry† has an extremely fitting guitar solo. It also has relevant lyrics that relate to the less-than-flattering image of Rose the media has created. However, once the song kicks into the chorus, it takes a turn for the worse. Roses voice sounds jaded, and the bizarre use of vibrato makes him come across like a bitter old man. Tracks four through six are basically the same, with a lot of piano and Rose singing like Justin Timberlake trying to be rock n roll. However, â€Å"I.R.S.† shows that Rose still has the ability to write butt-kicking rock tunes. The song is reminiscent of â€Å"Appetite for Destruction,† complete with gritty instrumentals and a flawless display of Axls vocal range. But no one should suffer through the endless drone that is the rest of the album. How â€Å"Chinese Democracy† ended up such a failure is a mystery when it had so much potential. But maybe its too early to put GNR in the ground. I guess well see in another 14 years.

The Great Gatsby Thesis Paper Essay Example

The Great Gatsby: Thesis Paper Essay A man looks anxiously at the agitated crowd pressing harder and harder on the doors. The doors give way and the man holds up his hands as a final attempt to keep the crowd back. The front of the crowd pushes him aside but the rest of the crowd doesn’t know he’s there. The man’s fellow workers clamber and shove their way into the crowd to save him, but they too are trampled. The man dies of a broken neck, lung collapse, and head trauma. Two years later, people are bringing guns to toy stores in hopes of getting in line first, all to save 30% on items they don’t even need. The clearly defined reason behind this horrific event has become part of most Americans’ lives:the drive to acquire more stuff In The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatz, a member of the lower class, exemplifies this intense desire for wealth and material goods. Although he only does this to impress the woman he loves, his story is a perfect way to summarize the birth of materialism. That driving force that causes Americans to want huge cars, huge houses, and tons of â€Å"stuff† to fill them with is the reason why so many Americans are in irreparable amounts of debt. Materialism, no longer restricted to a single class, is becoming the norm rather than the exception in America’s society today. In the Roaring Twenties, the American dream changed from a goal of success, to an unrealistic level of happiness, brought on by advertising and the availability of â€Å"stuff. † â€Å"Stuff† (as in material goods not directly required for an enjoyable lifestyle) not only became available and was advertised, but began to be viewed as a necessity. People began to view the accumulation of material goods as a sign of fortune, and so they began to accumulate possessions until they felt they had enough. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby: Thesis Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby: Thesis Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby: Thesis Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The amount of â€Å"stuff† that signified â€Å"enough† depended on the person or people that the American in question looked to in setting their materialistic goals. These â€Å"Model Americans† were usually members of the upper class. Those with the money to buy large quantities of items at their leisure appeared to be the most well off, and â€Å"upscale† when compared with the people of a lower class. In The Great Gatsby, Gatsby himself observes the materialistic lifestyle of Dan Cody, a rich, yacht owner for whom Gatsby works. Gatsby hopes to inherit Cody’s fortune, and use it to win the heart of Daisy; whom he had been planning to reconnect with and marry after his time in the war. As Daisy is now married to Tom, Gatsby thinks that the only way to win her back is to be better than and have more â€Å"stuff† than Tom. As Nick discovers, and Gatsby utterly fails to comprehend, having the outlook that anything important is material can consume a person to the point that they can loose touch with their original ambitions. They were careless people, Tom and Daisy — they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pg. 179) Materialism cannot, by it’s very nature, belong only to one social class. Gatsby, a member of the lower/middle class, dedicated his life to trying to impress Daisy with his materialistic values. He dealt with shady people in order to get the money he needed for his luxurious lifestyle. Daisy, overwhelmed by his enormous wealth, does not know Gatsby to be the same person he was when they met. A human’s tendency to be jealous, and their urge to be noticed by others will drive them to great lengths. In today’s society, as in the society of the Roaring Twenties, â€Å"keeping up with the Jones’s† was and is not an option, but a necessary and expensive part of the American way of life. In the setting of The Great Gatsby, New York City is a place where â€Å"anything can happen,† a place that makes the poor want to be and feel rich, and is the place where materialism in the book emanates. The same principle exists in today’s society as well, but instead of the city being the source of materialistic values, Itis corporations and their advertising. The corporations of today that sell to average Americans as their main source of profit know the way people will respond to certain advertising techniques. For instance, making it seem like buying the company’s products is a need, rather than a want, causes people to be more willing to purchase the items, even if they don’t have the money for them. Myrtle, George Wilson’s spouse in The Great Gatsby, is poor and lives in the valley of ashes. The valley of ashes signifies poverty and is where the people who are effected most by the influence of the city, live. Myrtle’s poverty and desperate longing for wealth is significant because it connects readily with a strange phenomenon of today. Black Friday is the day when, for only one or two days, stores lower the price of all their merchandise by 10-40% and advertise competitively to draw in customers. Toy stores for example stress in their ads, the fact that the shoppers â€Å"must buy their children the toys! Because they’re on sale! Because you must buy your child everything he asks for, for Christmas. â€Å"The rich get richer and the poor get — children. † (Pg. 95) People are crazed on Black Friday and as a result, people have, and will likely continue with increasing frequency, to be hurt or even killed in the madness. This shows the power that materialism can have on a society. The valley of ashes, although not intended to be a representatio n of the third world, is in fact, a perfect parallel to the way the third world is viewed by people in America. The people in the middle and upper classes of The Great Gatsby watch the poor in the valley of ashes as if they are not real people. They use them as a form of entertainment, taking pictures of them, and documenting them for the enjoyment of others. In American society today, people don’t view the countries in the third world as real, because that way of life is not part of their â€Å"reality. † Every person deserves the same equal rights and respect, but in the world today, that doesn’t happen. In The Great Gatsby, Nick realizes that every man is equal, the rich and the poor. â€Å"and it occurred to me that there was no difference between men, in intelligence or race, so profound as the difference between the sick and the well. Wilson was so sick that he looked guilty, unforgivably guilty† (Pg. 124) This quote shows Nick’s realization that quality of life is not measured by how rich or how poor someone is, but by how that person views them self. Nick’s discovery is the exact principle missing from American society’s â€Å"perfect life† image. Although people in impoverished countries struggle, when given the chance to improve their lives, they will not try to be richer than everyone else, but simply strive to live happy lives. This is a lesson that all Americans need to learn, and one that Gatsby never had a chance to. Gatsby’s attempt at perfection led to Daisy being more overwhelmed than impressed by his luxurious lifestyle, and eventually led to his death. Materialism used to be restricted to the upper class, because nobody in the lower class cared how much stuff they had, as they were trying to put food on the table. Starting in the Roaring Twenties however, city life’s materialistic mentality, especially in the East, began spreading to the lower classes. The Great Gatsby shows this extremely well because all of the major characters (Nick, Gatsby, and Daisy,) are from the West. They all struggle with adjusting to the stresses and pressures of Eastern, martialist life. By the end of the book, the Eastern madness had such a negative effect on Nick’s psyche that he is forced to move back to the West. Materialism is so common today that it would be hard to find someone who is not a little bit of a materialist. Materialism becoming the majority rather than the exception is feeding large corporations’ profits, and wracking up a hefty 2. 5 Trillion Dollars in consumer credit card debt as of 2009. That number rose five fold from 1980 to 2001 and at the same time, the profit for American corporation and department store chain Walmart has nearly tripled in only the last 10 years. The connection between corporations’ profit and the rise in debt and materialistic practices is nothing but distinct. Something must be done to stop materialism from destroying more lives than it already has. Just as Nick received a shock in the events of The Great Gatsby, it’s clear that the people of The United States need the same type of wake up call. Sources: Rosenbloom, Stephanie. Wal-Mart Worker Trampled to Death by Frenzied Black Friday Shoppers. The Seattle Times | Seattle Times Newspaper. 29 Nov. 2008. Web. 03 Dec. 2010. Shmoop Editorial Team. The Roaring Twenties.   Ã‚  Shmoop. com. Shmoop University, Inc. , 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 03 Dec 2010. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner, 2004. Print. J. D. Trout and Paul Moser. Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind Materialism. Department of Philosophy University of Waterloo. 11 May 2004. Web. 07 Dec. 2010. .

Free Essays on Absurdity

Truly Educated? Going to school and getting a college degree is a form of being educated, but in my opinion it doesn’t consider a person truly educated. In order for one to be truly educated, you need to look outside the boundaries of that degree and look at the other side of it. I feel there are two types of education, book education and life education. Book education, is of course, a form of being educated through school, but learning about life and the aspects of it, is that the more you know about life and the experiences you have will make you a more educated person. Through out life you are constantly learning and being educated. You experience things sometimes and don’t even know you are being educated, whether it be a good experience or a bad experience, the end result is you learning something. Getting an education is not just being taught by another person, it is teaching yourself. You have the ability to learn, and you decide what you want to educate yourself about. I think that the most important person anyone learns from is themselves. You let yourself listen and see, so if you are listening or watching another person, or anything in general, you learn. Watching the news on television is a source if learning. You decide whether or not you want to educate yourself on what’s going on in the world, and if you do you educate yourself. You don’t have to have someone physically in front of you to teach you. There are so many different people that teach you, whether it be teaching directly, like a school teacher or indirectly, learning by watching someone else. In the end you are more educated than before. Watching others is a big part of what type of person someone will become starting at a young age. In the short story School Vs. Education, written by Russell Baker, he states, â€Å"from watching his parents, the child, in many cases, will already know how to smoke, how much soda to mix with whisky... Free Essays on Absurdity Free Essays on Absurdity Truly Educated? Going to school and getting a college degree is a form of being educated, but in my opinion it doesn’t consider a person truly educated. In order for one to be truly educated, you need to look outside the boundaries of that degree and look at the other side of it. I feel there are two types of education, book education and life education. Book education, is of course, a form of being educated through school, but learning about life and the aspects of it, is that the more you know about life and the experiences you have will make you a more educated person. Through out life you are constantly learning and being educated. You experience things sometimes and don’t even know you are being educated, whether it be a good experience or a bad experience, the end result is you learning something. Getting an education is not just being taught by another person, it is teaching yourself. You have the ability to learn, and you decide what you want to educate yourself about. I think that the most important person anyone learns from is themselves. You let yourself listen and see, so if you are listening or watching another person, or anything in general, you learn. Watching the news on television is a source if learning. You decide whether or not you want to educate yourself on what’s going on in the world, and if you do you educate yourself. You don’t have to have someone physically in front of you to teach you. There are so many different people that teach you, whether it be teaching directly, like a school teacher or indirectly, learning by watching someone else. In the end you are more educated than before. Watching others is a big part of what type of person someone will become starting at a young age. In the short story School Vs. Education, written by Russell Baker, he states, â€Å"from watching his parents, the child, in many cases, will already know how to smoke, how much soda to mix with whisky...

Perils of Human Obediance essays

Perils of Human Obediance essays From the time we are born the ideals of obedience is taught and instilled in us all. Authoritarian figures are established and rules, guidelines, and codes of ethics are instituted. Each person chooses how strictly to follow these terms by his or her own accord, knowing that they will suffer the repercussions and consequences for disobedience. Whether it is a parent spanking a child or an adult being fired from a job there is always a certain disciplinary actions for not following orders. Everybody is expected to obey authority at all costs, but what happens when following orders means defying ones own morals? In 1963 Yale psychologist Stanley Milgram set up and conducted an experiment to test this very questions limits. It was designed to Force participants to either violate their conscience by obeying the immoral demands of an authority figure or refuse those demands(Milgram 343). In it a teacher(Milgram 345) subject and a learner(Milgram 345) subject are used. The teacher is a clueless volunteer but the learner is a pre-informed actor. Learner subjects are strapped in a chair and to a fake electric shock generator. The teacher is instructed to teach word pair questions to the learner and administer an electric shock for each wrong answer, increasing the voltage with each wrong answer. Testing not the learners ability to respond, but the teachers obedience to authority when ordered to continue regardless of the pleas to stop by the learner. It brings up the definite human conflict of personal-morals versus following orders from a higher authority. The results were unexpected and shocki ng to even Milgram himself. An unbelievably high 25 of 40 teacher subjects complete the test to the end, administering the highest possible shock level to the learner subject many times(Milgram 347). This shocking behavior is a demonstration of human nature being prone to follow orders at all ...

Testing CAPM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Testing CAPM - Essay Example For better clarity in the results, the number of replications was set to 1500. The bias and the accuracy of the significance tests are provided below for each observation value. From the above results, the bias for the YSeries is -0.331 and has a very low standard deviation of 0.008. The RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) is an absolute measure of the residuals. A low value indicates a better fit. The RMSE is relatively higher for the Intercept in comparison to the RMSE values for the XSeries and YSeries, suggesting that the latter two parameters exhibit a better absolute fit to the given data. The EDFs from the analysis is shown below: Based on the above results, X5% should be 1.96 for the null hypothesis to be true. However, the upper tail quantiles in the case of both variables (XSeries and YSeries(-1)) lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis since their 5% values exceed the critical value of 1.96. The null hypothesis in the case of both the variables is that H0:  µ =  µ0 for a given value  µ0 (sample mean). The alternative hypothesis in either case states that Ha:  µ ≠   µ0, indicating a two tailed test. The power indicates the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the true mean differs from the hypothetical mean. From the above two cases, the power for YSeries(-1) is much greater than that for the XSeries indicating a greater probability for rejection of the null hypothesis in the case of the latter. The figure below shows the bias for the parameters when configured for 30 observations. It appears that the bias has reduced in the case of both estimators as a result of this increase in the number of observations (compared to the earlier simulation with 10 observations) indicating that the new estimates provide a better fit. The RMSE values have also reduced suggesting a similar conclusion. However, the higher RMSE value for the intercept indicates a comparatively lower fit with respect